Coronary artery disease risk factors and symptoms

The risk factors are like Having a high cholesterol level, especially a high LDL, smoking, diabetic patients, a family history of heart diseases, obesity, too much alcohol
high blood pressure, and physically inactive patients.
Symptoms are often: chest pain or discomfort which is a very important symptom that should never be ignored, shortness of breath, discomfort or numbness in the left shoulder and arm, nausea and fatigue.

Diagnosis

The most important diagnostic test is ECG Can detect heart attack, ischemia and heart rhythm issues, Echocardiogram, blood rests, and Exercise stress tests: This is a treadmill test to determine how well your heart functions when it’s working the hardest. Can detect angina and coronary blockages or others depending on the case.

Management:

Different treatment choices are depending on the severity of the disease. Which are:

Life modification

choosing foods that are low in trans fats, saturated fats, simple sugars, and sodium.

stop smoking. If you smoke or use tobacco products, quit

Exercise regularly. And achieve a healthy weight

Learn effective ways to manage your stress.

Limit alcohol use. Limit daily drinks to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

When the condition of the patient is more advanced the previous procedures aren’t enough and the doctor will prescribe medications to lower your cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, stop angina and reduce the risk of blood clots.

But sometimes the condition of the patient might be more severe and needs surgical intervention. In this case, we have two options

non-invasive cardiac surgery

the Common procedures are balloon angioplasty and stenting.
They are non-invasive because they are done with a long, thin tube called a catheter which is inserted into an artery in the wrist or the top of the leg through a small incision and guided to the blocked or narrowed area of the artery. Then the doctor inflates the balloon, which stretches the artery open so more blood can flow in the balloon angioplasty. And if it is stenting then a stent is inserted to keep the blood vessel open.
You’ll be in and out of the hospital in a few days or less.

bypass surgery:

Bypass surgery or CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) is a type of surgery in which doctors use blood vessels from other parts of your body to make a detour around blockages in your coronary arteries. Because this requires open-heart surgery, it’s most often reserved for people who have multiple narrowed coronary arteries. And it has more risks and complications as well as a longer recovery period.